Nobel Prize is one of the awards granted annually by a fund specially developed by the Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel . It is one of the most precious awards in the field of intellectual achievement in the world. It began when Noble decided in 1895 to allocate most of his wealth as a grant fund Five annual prizes for people who have benefited humanity : the Nobel Prize for Physics, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the Nobel Prize for Literature and the Nobel Peace Prize. The awards were first presented on the fifth anniversary For the death of Nobel, on the tenth of December of 1901.

In order to win the Nobel Prize, you must first nominate a person who is alive. Candidates can be nominated before, and no one can nominate himself for the award, rather they choose distinguished people all over the world, where there is a scientific committee supervising the selection of candidates.
The Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm is the main supervisor of the awards in the fields of physics, chemistry and economics. The Stockholm Karolene Institute supervises the prize in medicine and physiology, the Swedish Academy supervises the Arts Prize and the Nobel Peace Prize is supervised by the existing Norwegian Parliament Committee in Norway.

The selection of Nobel laureates begins in the early autumn of the year before it is distributed. The awarding institutions invite more than 6,000 people to suggest or nominate candidates for the award. About 1,000 people are presented for each award. The number of candidates is usually from 100 to about 250 people, including Nobel laureates, members of the awarding institutions themselves, and scientists active in the fields of physics, chemistry, economics, physiology or medicine, officials and members of various universities, and academies.
Nobel Prize winners are usually announced at the beginning of October of each year and the prizes are distributed two months after the announcement, on the anniversary of Nobel's death. The Swedish king distributes a Nobel certificate, a medal and 10 million Swedish crowns for each award in Stockholm, Sweden, with the exception of the Nobel Peace Prize, which is awarded in Oslo, Norway.