El Nino: Like other natural phenomena that occur on the planet, the El Nino phenomenon remains unknown, despite all attempts to decode it and reach the main reason for the occurrence of those warm waves and the many changes they cause, The population of specific regions of South and Central America and the United States of America directly suffers from it, in addition to the impact of some regions in the world.

It is a phenomenon that occurs in the Pacific Ocean every several years, ranging from three to seven years, and usually lasts from nine months to two years, as a result of a change in air pressure. When coastal waters become warmer in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, the atmospheric pressure decreases over the ocean.

The El Nino phenomenon causes global disturbances such as floods, droughts, etc., and the El Nino phenomenon is usually accompanied by high atmospheric pressure over the Indian Ocean, Indonesia and Australia. In contrast, atmospheric pressure decreases over Tahiti and the entire central and eastern Pacific Ocean, and some countries bordering the Pacific Ocean depend on fish trade, depending on the values ​​of anomalies The surface is the waters of the ocean.

Until today, scientists did not understand the reasons for the launch of El Niño cycles, as this phenomenon is not the same, and neither the atmosphere nor the ocean always follows the same pattern from one El Nino phenomenon to another. Scientists have monitored temperatures along 656 feet in the Pacific Ocean, To determine when the temperature will move from the western to eastern Pacific Ocean, they noticed in 2014 the crossing of warm waters in the form of strong currents they called the Kelvin currents in the Pacific Ocean.

What is the damage of the El Nino phenomenon: The fluctuation that occurs in the climatic cycle of warming and cooling greatly affects the occurrence of noticeable changes on ocean temperatures in the tropics,
The El Nino phenomenon has caused many damages and disasters to marine life, and to the people who live in the areas where it occurs. This phenomenon also causes increased rainfall in some areas and drought in other areas.

The El Nino phenomenon that occurred in 1982 and lasted for a whole year caused the killing of more than 50% of the coral reefs in Panama, and more than 99% of the coral reefs in the Galapagos, Also at the ecological level, the spread of rodents was observed in northern Chile and along the Peruvian coastal desert following the occurrence of the El Nino phenomenon between 1972 and 1973. The region also suffered a sharp decline in some other species such as the Malay sun bear and some other species.