In late 1808 the Spanish New World Empire extended to parts of the western United States, Tierra del Fuego, and from the Caribbean to the Pacific Ocean. By 1825, all but a few islands in the Caribbean were gone, so how could the Spanish New World Empire collapse so quickly and completely?

In the late 1700's, the Spanish colonies had a thriving Creole class: men and women of European descent born in the New World, Simon Bolivar was a good example of this: his family came from Spain, and was appointed in Spain, mostly Spaniards born in Spain. The United States were not in important positions in the colonial administration

For example in court no Venezuelan citizen was appointed from 1786 to 1810: during that time, ten Spaniards and four creoles served in other regions, and this angered the influential creole class who openly felt they were being ignored. The vast Spanish New World Empire produced many goods, including coffee, cocoa, textiles, wine, minerals, and more, but only the colonies were allowed to trade with Spain, at interest rates for Spanish merchants, and many took to sell their goods illegally to British and American merchants, and eventually Spain had to ease some Trade Restrictions But the trade movement was so little and so late that those who produced these goods demanded a reasonable price for them.

By 1810, Spanish America could look at other countries and see the revolutions in them and their results, some of which had a positive impact. The American Revolution was seen by many in South America as a good example for the colonies that got rid of European rule and replaced it with a more just and democratic society. Later, some of the constitutions of the new republics borrowed heavily from the US Constitution.

Other revolts were negative, such as the terrible revolution in Haiti that terrified landowners in the Caribbean and northern South America, and as the situation worsened in Spain, many feared that Spain could not protect them in the event of a similar uprising, in 1788 AD King Charles III died and his son Charles took over The fourth, Charles IV was weak and indecisive and often escaped to hunt, allowing his ministers to run the empire.

Spain joined Napoleon's France and began fighting the British, with a weak ruler and the Spanish army tied up. This significantly threatened Spain's presence in the New World and the Creoles felt neglected more than ever. After the Spanish and French navies were crushed at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, Spain's ability to Spain gained control of the colonies, and when Great Britain attacked Buenos Aires in 1808, Spain was unable to defend the city, the local forces had to defend themselves.

There was a growing sense in the colonies of being different from Spain: these differences were cultural, and often took the form of great pride, and by the end of the eighteenth century the visiting scholar Alexander von Humboldt pointed out that the locals preferred to be called Americans rather than Spaniards, and in the meantime , Spanish officials and newcomers constantly looked down on Creoles, further widening the social gap between them.

Whereas Spain was racist in the sense that Moors, Jews, Gypsies, and other ethnic groups were expelled centuries ago, and the New World population was a mixture of Europeans, Indians, and blacks brought in as slaves, racist colonial society was highly sensitive, your position in society could be determined on the basis of race, and allowed Spanish law for wealthy people of mixed descent to be distinguished from others.

This caused discontent from the privileged classes, the dark side of the revolutions was that they were fought in part, to maintain the racial status of the free colonies of Spanish liberalism, Napoleon in 1808 invaded Spain and soon occupied not only Spain but Portugal as well, replacing Charles IV his brother Joseph Bonaparte And France-ruled Spain was a mass of anger even to the New World loyalists.

The rebels joined the royal wing. Those Spaniards who resisted Napoleon begged the colonists for help but refused to promise to reduce trade restrictions. The chaos in Spain made an ideal environment for the rebels, and many said they were loyal to Spain, not Napoleon, and in places like Argentina, the colonies more or less declared independence. They claimed that they would govern themselves, and of course there was no real reversal of this step, and Argentina formally declared its independence in 1816.

Latin American independence from Spain was taken for granted as soon as creoles began to think of themselves as Americans and that the Spaniards were something different from them, and by that time, Spain was in a difficult place: creoles were laying claim to positions of influence and trade freely, neither of which Spain gave them.

Among all the factors mentioned above, the most important of which was Napoleon’s invasion of Spain, which prompted many hesitant Creoles to independence and revolution. With time, Spain began to stabilize and Ferdinand regained the throne in 1813. The colonies in Mexico, Argentina, and North America were in permanent revolution until independence.