Research on the atmosphere began in the ancient world. In the fifth century, the Greek philosopher Imidocles tried to explain the different elements (earth, air, fire and water) and to know the formation of the earth, oceans, sun, moon and atmosphere.

The thermosphere, which means (thermal field) is the outer layer of the atmosphere, where it is separated from the acoustic atmosphere by the thermosphere. The thermosphere rises above sea surface to a height of 500 km, and the thermosphere is the largest of all layers of the Earth's atmosphere.

The International Space Station has a fixed orbit in the center of the thermosphere, between 200 and 240 miles, and the few molecules in the thermosphere receive huge amounts of solar energy, which leads to the warming of the layer due to high temperatures, and the lower part of the thermosphere contains from 80 to 550 km above the Earth's surface, on the ionosphere, farther from the ionosphere and perhaps extending to 10,000 km is the exosphere which gradually merges into space.

In the 17th century, Galileo wanted to understand the element of air, and was able to show that it had weight and not just empty space. Galileo also invented the thermometer. Using this device and the Evangelista Torricelli scale, it was possible to measure surface air temperature and pressure for the first time.

In the eighteenth century, kites and balloons of these machines took higher in the atmosphere, to record the beginning of atmospheric science, and the data collected from these measurements were used to explain and predict weather patterns on Earth, and they also began to inform scientists about the different layers of the atmosphere, and the differences The temperature and density of the atmosphere.

In the early twentieth century, the radio probe, a balloon capable of reaching high altitudes, revealed a significant change in temperatures that begins at an altitude of 18 kilometers above the surface of the earth, and this discovery led researchers to describe the divisions of the atmosphere according to temperature, indicating The temperature decreases in each successive layer, and one scientist, Leon Teisserenc de Bort, identified two layers, the troposphere and stratosphere, and later, the outer layers of the atmosphere and thermosphere were identified.

In the eighteenth century, the Russian scientist Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov discovered that the atmosphere of Vinusha is very similar to the planet Earth, and Lomonosov observed in 1761 AD the transit of Venus, a rare event in which the planet passes directly in front of the sun, and Lomonosov wanted to calculate the diameter Venus, but he noticed that the edge of the planet seemed vague and undistinguished, and he realized that there was a halo of clouds circling the planet, similar to the atmosphere of the Earth.

In 1850 John Tyndall invented the thermopile technology, which allowed him to measure the absorption forces of atmospheric gases, and through these measurements he was able to explain infrared radiation and confirm that the Earth's atmosphere has a greenhouse effect, and the unique chemical components of the gases that make up the atmosphere were identified by Scholars such as John Dalton in the early nineteenth century.

Modern research on the atmosphere provided with missile exploration, and the first rocket probe was launched into the upper atmosphere in the late 1940s, and the launch of Sputnik, the first satellite orbiting the Earth, took place in 1957 AD, and with other technological advances such as satellite imaging, atmospheric scientists were able to Who have been working since the seventies to make more accurate calculations of gases in the thermosphere, and the composition of this layer of the atmosphere and the behavior of the thermosphere was the main topic of scientific research in this period.