The Warsaw Pact was a mutual defense treaty between the dissolved Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states from Eastern Europe, and it was signed back in Poland on May 14, 1955, and the treaty was dissolved in 1991, which was officially known as the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation.

The alliance had been proposed by the Soviet Union in order to confront the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which is a similar security alliance between the United States, Canada and the countries of Western Europe that was established in 1949, and the Warsaw Pact was referred to as the Charter of the Eastern Bloc, and the democratic countries of NATO were formed Western Bloc in the Cold War period.

The original signatories of the Warsaw Pact were the Soviet Union and the Soviet states: Albania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, and the East German Republic, and given the Western bloc of NATO as a security threat, the eight countries in the Warsaw Pact pledged to defend any other member state or states that might be exposed. For any attack.

The member states also agreed to respect each other's national sovereignty and political independence by not interfering in each other's internal affairs, but in practice the Soviet Union indirectly controlled most of the governments of the other seven countries.

In January 1949, the Soviet Union formed Comecon, the Council for Mutual Economic Aid, an organization for the post-World War II recovery in order to advance the economies of the eight communist countries in Central and Eastern Europe, and when West Germany joined NATO on May 6, 1955.

The Soviet Union viewed the growing power of NATO and newly armed West Germany as a threat to communist control, and just one week later, on May 14, 1955 AD, the Warsaw Pact was established as a mutual military defense force emanating from the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. The Soviet Union hoped that the alliance would assist Warsaw contained West Germany, allowing him to negotiate with NATO on an equal level of authority.

In addition, Soviet leaders hoped that a united and multilateral political and military alliance would help control the growing civil unrest in the countries of Eastern Europe by strengthening ties between Eastern European capitals and Moscow, fortunately, the Warsaw Pact and NATO were closer to an actual war against each other. Some during the Cold War years from 1995 to 1991, especially after the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.

Instead, the Warsaw Pact forces were more determined in maintaining communist rule within the Eastern Bloc itself, and when Hungary attempted to withdraw from the Warsaw Treaty in 1956AD, Soviet forces entered the country and pushed back the government of the People's Republic of Hungary, then Soviet forces put down the national revolution, resulting in An estimated 2,500 Hungarian citizens were killed in the process.

August of 1968 AD, nearly 250 thousand Warsaw Pact soldiers invaded Czechoslovakia, and the invasion raised the fears of Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev when the Czechoslovak government returned to plans for political reform led by Alexander Dubcek and restored freedom of the press and ended government surveillance imposed on the people.

What is known as the Prague Spring of Freedom in Dubcek ended after Warsaw Pact forces occupied the country, killing more than 100 Czechoslovak civilians and wounding 500 others.Just one month later, the Soviet Union issued the Brezhnev Doctrine specifically permitting the use of Warsaw Pact forces - under Soviet command To intervene in any Eastern Bloc country believed to be a threat to Soviet Communist rule.

Between 1968 and 1989, the Soviet Union's control over the satellite states participating in the Warsaw Pact slowly retreated, and public discontent in the countries forced many of their communist governments to leave power during the 1970s, which led to the emergence of a détente period with the United States and the easing of tension between the great powers. In the Cold War.

In November 1989 AD, the Berlin Wall fell, and the communist governments in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Romania, and Bulgaria began to retreat, and within the Soviet Union itself, political and social reforms (openness) and (restructuring) took place in Glasnost and Perestroika, and during the reign of Mikhail Gorbachev began the communist government To avalanche.

With the end of the Cold War approaching, forces from the Warsaw Pact fought Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary alongside the US-led forces to liberate Kuwait in the First Gulf War in 1990, and on July 1, 1991, the President of Czechoslovakia, Vaclav Havel, officially announced that the Warsaw Pact had been dissolved after 36 years of military alliance with the Soviet Union, and in December 1991 AD, the Soviet Union was formally dissolved to become internationally recognized as Russia.