Imperial Germany witnessed a heavy socialist revolution in 1918 - 1919, despite some sudden events and even a small socialist republic that would bring a democratic government, the Kaiser was rejected and a new parliament was elected in Weimar, however, Weimar ultimately failed and never took place. The answer to the question whether the seeds of this failure began in the revolution in 1918-1919 or not.

Like other countries in Europe, Germany entered World War I believing that it would be a short war and a decisive victory for it, but when the western frontline proved that it was at a dead end and the eastern front it was not promising, Germany realized that it had entered into a prolonged process for which it was not prepared at all.

The country began to take measures to support the war including mobilizing an expanded workforce, devoting more manufacturing to weapons and other military supplies, and making strategic decisions that they hoped would give them an advantage. The war continued over the years, and Germany found itself at the start of the military rupture. The army was an effective fighting force until 1918.

Fantasies of failure and failures caused by low morale were widespread, and although there were some revolutions earlier, but before that the steps taken by Germany to do everything for the army saw the problems of the home front experience, and there was a noticeable change in morale since early 1917. Onwards.

As the number of attacks reached at one point a million workers, and civilians were suffering from food shortages and exacerbated by the failure of the potato crop during the winter of 1916-1917 AD, and there was also a shortage of fuel and the number of deaths due to hunger and cold more than doubled during the same winter; Influenza was a widespread phenomenon and fatal, and the infant mortality rate was increasing dramatically.

In addition, while working days grew longer, inflation was making goods more expensive than ever before and the economy was on the verge of collapse, and resentment among German civilians was not limited to the working class or the middle class, both of whom felt growing hostility to the government, and industrialists. Also a popular target where people were convinced that they were making millions out of the war effort while everyone else was suffering.

With the outbreak of the war in 1918 AD, and the failure of the German attacks, the German nation seemed to be on the verge of splitting even with no enemy on German soil, and there was pressure from the government, campaign groups and others to reform a government system that seemed to have failed. So, he expressed his belief that democratic governments in Britain, France and the United States would be more willing to work with a constitutional monarchy than Caesrich.

He believed that change would remove the social revolution from his fear that the failure of the war would lead to blame and anger was redirected, and he saw the calls of the removed parliament for a change, and he feared what he might bring if he was left without management, but Ludendorff had a third goal. , A more fierce and costly target, and Ludendorff did not want the army to accept responsibility for the war’s failure.

He also doesn't want his influential allies to do that either. What Ludendorff wanted was to create this new civilian government and make it surrender to negotiate peace, so the blame would be blamed by the German people and the army would still be respected. For the misfortune of Europe in the middle of the twentieth century, Ludendorff was successful. Altogether, it began as a myth that Germany had been stabbed in the back, aided by the fall and passage of Weimer and Hitler's rise.

Prince Max of Baden, a strong supporter of the Red Cross, became chancellor to Germany in October 1918, and Germany restructured its government: for the first time the Kaiser and the Chancellor were held accountable to Parliament, i.e. the Reichstag: the Kaiser lost the leadership of the army, and the chancellor had to explain himself, not to The Kaiser, but Parliament was as Ludendorff had hoped, and this civilian government was negotiating to end the war.

However, as news spread throughout Germany that the war was lost, a shock occurred, and then the wrath of Ludendorff and others was feared, and many people suffered so much and were told that they were so close to victory that many were not satisfied with the new regime. Germany is moving quickly towards revolution.

The sailors rebelled at a naval base near Kiel on October 29, 1918, and with the government losing control of the situation, the main sea bases and ports also fell in front of the partisans, and the sailors were angry at what was happening and were trying to prevent the suicide attack that ordered some naval commanders to try to regain some honor and spread The news of these revolutions, everywhere the soldiers went, the sailors and workers joined them in the rebellion, and established many special councils in the Soviet style to organize themselves, and in California they expelled their grandson King Ludwig III and Kurt Eisner and declared it a socialist republic, the October reforms were rejected as insufficient Whether by the revolutionaries or the old regime, who needed a way to manage events.

Max Baid did not want to expel the Kaiser and his family from the throne, but given that the latter was reluctant to make any further reforms, Baden had no choice, and so decided to replace Kaiser with one of the two wings, the government led by Friedrich Ebert, but the situation at the heart of the government was Anarchy, and a member of this government - Philip Scheidemann - declared that Germany was a republic, then described it as a Soviet republic, and the Kaiser, who was already in Belgium, decided to accept military advice that his throne was gone, and he exiled himself to the Netherlands, and the German Empire ended.

At the end of 1918 AD, the government seemed to be collapsing, as the Social Democrats were moving from left to right in a desperate attempt to gather support, while the USPD withdrew to focus on more extreme reform, thanks to Ebert's leadership and the pacification of extreme socialism. In 1919, Germany was under the leadership of A government that changed at the top - from self-government to a republic - but in major structures such as land ownership, industry, and other businesses, the church, the military, and the civil service, it has largely remained intact.

There was a great continuity and not with the socialist reforms that the country seemed to be in a position to pass, but there was no widespread bloodshed, and it can be said that the revolution in Germany was a missed opportunity for the left, a revolution that lost its way, and that socialism lost an opportunity to restructure and become the right The conservative is more able to dominate.

Although it is common to refer to these events as a revolution, some historians do not like this term, as they view 1918-1919 as either a partial / failed revolution, or an evolution of the Caesar that may have occurred gradually if it did not happen. World War I happened.

And many Germans who lived in it believed that it was only half a revolution, because by the time the Kaiser was gone, the socialist state they wanted was also absent. With the prominent Socialist Party heading to middle ground in the years that followed, left-wing groups would try to push back. The revolution is more, but it all failed.