Rachel Carson (1907 AD - 1964 AD) was an environmental scientist and biologist who wrote extensively on the impact of human behavior on the planet. Her primary work (Silent Spring) in 1962 was influential in raising environmental issues and questioning the direction of human scientific progress. A founding book of the modern environmental movement.

Carson was born on May 27, 1907, on her family's farm in Springdale, Pennsylvania, near the industrial city of Pittsburgh, when she was a child who enjoyed spending time in nature and exploring her family's farm. She became aware of the cost of this industrial pollution and how it affected life in the local area.

From an early age she had a strong belief that she would become a writer, at the age of 11 years she won the first prize for an article published in Saint Nicholas Magazine, Carson graduated from Pennsylvania College for Women in 1929 and studied biology, and in 1932, she completed a master's degree in zoology at John's University Hopkins and her thesis were: (Evolution during the embryonic life and the larval stages of catfish), and she hoped to continue her studies and obtain a PhD.

But her family's financial situation during the Great Depression forced her to search for a full-time teaching job as well as caring for her ailing mother. Work and life: In the year 1935 AD, Carson obtained a position in the United States Bureau of Fisheries, and gave educational radio lectures about marine and aquatic life, and the radio received her well as she was able to explain the problems in an interesting and understandable way, and this led to more job opportunities. Promoted to a full-time position as a marine biologist for the United States Fisheries Service.

Carson was responsible for producing data on fishing groups, but in her spare time she wrote stories about marine life and cruises along the sea floor, and Carson was awarded a contract by Simon and Schuster to write a book depicting this unfamiliar terrain, and in 1941, she published a book ( Under the Sea Wind) as she had many articles published in various magazines and newspapers was kept by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to operate after the war but is burdened with administrative duties.

After successfully publishing the book (The Sea Around Us) in 1951, I was able to leave my civil service job in 1952. The book The Sea Around Us depicts the history of ocean life, published by Oxford University Press, it was a great success at the time of publication and was converted into a documentary, the film won the Academy Award for Best Documentary in 1953 AD.

But Carson was very dissatisfied with the pseudo-scientific scenario and the nature of the film, and her poetry prose on the ocean turned into three volumes (The Edge of the Sea) in 1955. In these volumes, Carson provided a compelling biography of the ocean and the interaction between different animals and ecosystems, in addition to explaining the biology of the ocean, it also contained a vision of protecting oceans and ecosystems through public education.

She also wrote other articles to encourage interest in the natural world, and Carson believed greatly in caring for the child and developing his memory, and included important articles (Helping Your Child to Wonder) in 1956 and (Our Ever-Changing Beach) in 1957 AD. Throughout her life, Carson has remained alone although in 1957 one of her brothers passed away, leaving his five-year-old orphan son - Roger Christie, and Carson adopting the boy in 1957AD.

She moved to Silver Spring, Maryland to take care of her nephew. Carson was a very close friend of (Dorothy Freeman), whom she met in 1953 and shared a broad writing friendship, Carson appreciating their common interests and Freeman's support for her work. In the postwar periods, she moved to the topic of environmental conservation, joined conservation groups and began to explore the impact of economic development on the environment.

The 1940's and 1950's saw the rapid increase in the use of pesticides, such as DDT, and the USDT was actively promoting large-scale spraying of chemicals to eliminate pests like ants and fire - although there were few tests for civilian use, she spent Carson spent a long time researching the results of this new pesticide spraying program, and gathering evidence about the dangers of DDT use.

Carson was in close contact with the scientific community and provided substantial evidence from Dr. (Ehrenfried Pfeiffer) who headed a group of organic market gardeners. She also became aware of the strong lobbying of representatives of the chemical industry, who were well resourced to deny any potential harm from chemical production. From this research, Carson wrote a book, Silent Spring, that directly targeted the issue of pesticides, such as DDT.

Raising broader issues such as challenging the orthodox view that scientific and economic progress has always been a good thing, Carson has turned this view in contrast, suggesting that our disregard for the environment causes us to head towards a miserable future, where man will experience harmony with the planet and the environment in the future. Carson has also been critical of the chemical industry and its approach, as well as government agencies, which have shown a strong willingness to stand by the chemical companies.

The book was serialized in New York in 1962 and was chosen as (Book of the Month) for October, with favorable reviews in the New York Times, the book became prominent - which intensified the scandal about the chemical thalidomide and its relationship to birth defects. About the use of pesticides, they threatened to sue her and there was criticism of Carson's character.

Yet the campaign backfired more than anything else that raised the potential risks of pesticide use, and Carson appeared on CBS's private television screen, and the program was well received - helping to support public opinion for her book, and Carson received Numerous calls to speak, including testimony to the US Senate subcommittee, yet tragically in the moment of being at the height of despair for her, she suffered from breast cancer, contracted chemotherapy and became ill with a respiratory virus in early 1964.

By February, she became anemic, and her cancer had reached her liver, and she died of a heart attack on April 14, 1964 A.D. The book (Silent Spring) was an important turning point for the environmental movement and the irregular use of pesticides. By 1972, the Environmental Defense Fund succeeded in getting rid of The gradual use of DDT, but, perhaps, most importantly, it laid the foundation for the deep ecology movement that sought to establish environmental concerns about short-term physical fitness, and was easily adopted in the new social movements of the 1960s, which sought to To challenge and replace ancient orthodoxy a more holistic view of human progress.