The Tipu Sultan was the last king of India, but one of the greatest of them, as he was able to inflict heavy losses on the English through the modern war machines that he developed himself, which the English benefited from after that, and Sultan Tipu was called the Conqueror Sultan Tipu.

Sultan Tipu was born in Devanhali in the present Indian region of Bangalore in 1750 AD, and he was the eldest son of Sultan Haider Ali, and his name was Tipu Sultan, and because Sultan Haider was illiterate, he made sure that his eldest son receive the best education befitting a prince, and he was keen on teaching him military and political affairs. At an early age, Haidar Ali was a military officer in the service of the Indian Kingdom of Mysore and then became the de facto ruler of Mysore in 1761 AD, because his wife and mother Tipu Mrs. Fatima Fakhr Onsa was the daughter of Muinuddin, the governor of Mysore from Fort Kadaba.

After that, Haydar Ali appointed good teachers to teach Tipu languages ​​Urdu, Persian, Arabic and Kannada, as well as the Holy Quran, Islamic jurisprudence, horseback riding, fencing and shooting, and when Tipu reached fifteen, his father made sure to accompany him in the first Mysore war against the British in 1766 in which Sultan Haider Ali allied With the French, Tipu was accompanying them while devising military tactics for combat.

Then he led a corps of cavalry in the invasion of the Carnatic in 1767, while he was still at the age of sixteen, and Tipo was able to defeat the British, in a disgraceful defeat in several wars, and he was able to gain great military experience until his father died in December 1781 AD, then he appointed himself governor of Mysore on Sunday. December 22, 1782 AD, in a simple ceremony, and was able to achieve progress over the British and Hindus through his alliance with the Mongols and the Marathas, and the Second Mysore War ended with the Treaty of Mangalore in 1784 AD.

But Tipu Sultan did not like that Mysore fell under the authority of Maratha after they defeated his father in previous wars, and this led to the Maratha - Mysore war, and he entered into several battles that he won in most of them. Bonaparte made an alliance with him to use his trained army in his struggle with the British, and he also participated in Mysore's conflicts with surrounding territories such as Martha.

Tipu Sultan was a stubborn enemy throughout his life for the British East India Company, which occupied India and seized its wealth. But the occupied East India Company was able, through the alliance with the enemies of the Tipu Sultan, such as Martha and the Hindus in Hyderabad, to force the Tipu Sultan to join the Treaty of Srinagapatam in 1789 AD after losing a number of lands that he had previously conquered, such as Malabar and Mangalore.

The Tipu Sultan sent envoys to some foreign countries that would return Britain, such as the Ottoman Empire and France, to obtain their support, but in reality they had let him down. In the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, Maratha and Hyderabad forces stood with the East India Company’s forces against Tipu Sultan and killed him on May 4, 1799 CE while he was defending his fortress in Serenjapatam.

Although the British claimed that he was torturing and killing their captives, most historians are unanimous that besides his prowess as a military commander he was a person of good manners who was kind to the captives and treated them well. During his reign, Tipu was able to invent a number of important and advanced innovations in his era, such as his coin, new calendar, and a new system for land revenue, which led to the growth of the silk industry in Mysore.

He was also the first to invent the missile artillery, which inflicted heavy losses on the British during their wars with him, and he left Mysore, a great economic powerhouse, with the highest wage rates in the world in the late eighteenth century.