The War of Oranges was the result of a short conflict that began in 1801 AD, when the Spanish forces incited the French government to support the French army to invade Portugal and it was a precursor to the war, which resulted in the Treaty of Badajoz and the loss of Portuguese territories, especially Olivenza, as well as paving the way for the full invasion of the Iberian Peninsula by the French forces.

In the year 1800 AD, the first consul to Bonaparte and his ally, the Spanish Prime Minister and General Ericimano Manuel de Godoy, Portugal, the last British ally in the continent, demanded to break its alliance with Britain, but Portugal refused, and in April 1801 AD, French forces arrived in the country and its forces were reinforced by Spanish forces under the leadership of Manuel de Godoy and under His command, the Spanish Army in Extremadura made up of five divisions.

The Spanish attack on Portugal began in the early morning of May 20, focusing on the Portuguese border area that included the main town of Garrison and the fortifications of Elvas and the smaller fortified towns of Campo Mayor and Olivensa (Olivensa in Spanish) and Gorominha, and the main force of the Spanish army advanced to Elvas, while two divisions advanced To Campo Mayor and another section, advancing to Olivenza and Jorominha, without completing their fortifications and only defending them by a few hundred soldiers, mostly militia, Olfensa and neighboring Gorominha quickly surrendered to the Spanish forces.

The Portuguese garrison at Campo Mayor - under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Dias Azevedo - resisted the attack for 17 days, forcing the Spaniards to keep two full divisions in their siege, and the main Spanish force - under the direct command of Godoy - attempted to assault El Fez, but was easily repulsed by the powerful Portuguese garrison. Led by General Francisco de Noronha. Then the Spanish forces withdrew to a safe distance from the fortress, where Godoy did not dare attack it again until the end of the war.

And the war entered a dead end as most of the Spanish forces were kept in fortresses, and the rest were unable to face the siege set by the Portuguese army, in order to advance further inside Portugal, and Judy chose oranges from outside Fez and sent them to the Queen of Spain and thus, the conflict became known as “War Orange ”On June 6, 1801 AD, Portugal agreed to the terms of the Treaty of Badajoz.

Portugal agreed to close its ports to English ships to offer trade concessions to France and to give up Olivenza to Spain and pay compensation, and on September 29, 1801 AD, Portugal agreed to keep the terms of the Treaty of Badajoz and the amendments made to it, all of which were contained in the Treaty of Madrid.

In response, from July 1801 AD until the signing of the Peace of Amines, and in 1802 AD a British force of 3500 men under the command of Colonel William Henry Clinton occupied the Portuguese island of Madeira in the North Atlantic Ocean, and the occupation aims to stop any French or Spanish attack on the island. It was occupied with the tacit consent of the Portuguese, and after the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 AD, in which the French-Spanish fleet lost to Britain, Portugal restored relations with its old ally, and this led to France announcing the abolition of the Peace Treaty of Badajos.

And again France turned to Portugal to invade it, and it began from a war in the peninsula, which lasted from 1807 AD until 1810 AD, and the French invasion forced the transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil in 1807 AD, with the transformation of Rio de Janeiro to the capital of the Portuguese monarchy, from Rio de Janeiro The Portuguese monarch denounced the Treaty of Badajoz and said it had signed under duress, declaring it ineffective.

Then, at a later time, the Vienna Treaty - which Spain signed in 1817 CE - clearly stated that the winning countries (should strive to make the utmost conciliatory effort in order to return Olivenza to Portuguese power).